Anne Irfan argues in this book that the relationship between Palestinian refugees and UNRWA is complex and multilayered and that Palestinian agency has contributed to the transformation of UNRWA, a point overlooked by many studies. The author examines the establishment of UNRWA and its expansion within the five areas of operation – Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, West Bank, and Gaza. Based on a comprehensive and diverse range of sources, this interdisciplinary study considers the way in which UNRWA has played a dual role – mitigating the disaster of their dispossession and expulsion in1948 but also containing Palestinian refugee frustrations at the lack of international support for their rights.